Religious Studies 270
CHINESE RELIGIONS



  Prof. Joseph Adler
Ascension 310
E-mail adlerj@kenyon.edu
PBX 5290
Fall 2002
MWF 2:10-3:00 (Per. 7)
Ascension 225
Office hours: MW 3:15-4:30, TTh 1:00-2:15,
and by appointment
 

  This course is a survey of the major historical and contemporary currents of religious thought and practice in Chinese culture. Our aim will be to gain a richer understanding of some characteristic Chinese ways of experiencing the self, society, and the world. We will examine the three traditional "teachings" (Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism), as well as "popular religion," and the contributions of all four to Chinese culture. Specific themes will include ancestor worship, sacrifice and divination, religious ethics, meditation, and longevity techniques. In each section we will attempt to distinguish those aspects of Chinese religion which are inextricable from traditional Chinese culture from those which are capable of crossing cultural boundaries. Readings will focus on primary religious texts; films and slides will be equally important.

Reading:

Available in Bookstore

Wm. Theodore de Bary and Irene Bloom, eds., Sources of Chinese Tradition, 2nd ed., vol. 1
Joseph A. Adler, Chinese Religious Traditions

On Course Reserve [CR]

David K. Jordan, Gods, Ghosts and Ancestors: The Folk Religion of a Taiwanese Village

 
     
 

The Master said, "Learning without thinking is in vain; thinking without learning is dangerous."

Lao Tzu

Laozi departing through the
Western Pass.
Bodhidharma

Bodhidharma (Da-mo)
in meditation.
 


 

 

Course Requirements and Grading:

1. Participation (15%). Regular attendance, timely completion of reading assignments, active participation in class discussions, and one short conference with me in my office no later than Friday, September 20. Grading criteria are as follows:

A:  Regular attendance, regular contribution to discussion
B:  Regular attendance, occasional contribution
C:  Too many absences OR too little contribution
D:  Too many absences AND too little contribution
F:  Other serious problems

Option: To supplement the class discussion portion of your participation grade, you may turn in, at any time but a maximum of one per week, written "reaction papers" (1-2 pages, typed) containing your reactions to, reflections on, and questions about course readings and lectures. These will be graded 1 (credit), 2 (good), or 3 (excellent) and will be returned within a week.

 

 

Fu-hsi, the first Sage, who created the diagrams of the Yijing

2. Five short quizzes (5% each), consisting of short-answer questions.

3. Three take-home essays (3-5 pages, 20% each). Topics will be distributed in class one week before they are due. The last one will take the place of a final exam and will be due in my office on Tuesday, Dec. 17, at 6:30 p.m.

Option: If you have a B+ or better grade in the course by Thanksgiving vacation, and if you have a topic in Chinese religions that you would like to pursue further, you may write a 6-10 page research paper (typed, double-spaced, plus bibliography) instead of the final essay. You must clear your topic with me before Thanksgiving break. The paper will make use of at least two books or articles outside of assigned class readings, and will be due the day scheduled for a final exam. If you choose this option, your lowest quiz grade will be dropped and this paper will count 25%.

Note: If you have a disability that will affect your work or participation in this class, please contact Erin Salva, Coordinator of Disability Services, at PBX 5453 or via e-mail at salvae@kenyon.edu, and speak to me individually, early in the semester, about the arrangements you will need.

 


COURSE SCHEDULE

 
1
Aug 26-30
Introduction: What is religion? What is Chinese religion?
Shang religion: Divination and sacrifice
 
 

Read: Adler, Chinese Religious Traditions (CRT), chs. 1-2
de Bary and Bloom, Sources of Chinese Tradition (Sources), ch. 1
 
 
2

Sep 2-6

 

Read:

Classical Confucianism: The Way of the Sages
  • The Mandate of Heaven and the Five Classics
  • Confucius (Kongzi): humanity (ren) and ritual propriety (li)

    Sources, chs. 2-3
    CRT, pp. 30-37

Master Kong
 
 
3
Sep 9-13
  • Mencius (Mengzi) and his theory of human nature
  • "The Great Learning" (Daxue) and "The Mean" (Zhongyong)
 
 

Read:
Sources, pp. 112-158, 329-339
CRT, pp. 37-42
 
 
4
Sep 16-20
  • Xunzi: another theory of human nature
  • Filiality
  • Women in Confucianism
  • Ritual
Friday: Quiz 1
 
 

Read:

Sources, pp. 159-183, 311-318, 325-329, 339-46, 819-840
CRT, pp. 42, 63-67

 

 
 
5
Sep 23-27
Classical Daoism: The Way of Nature
  • Laozi


First line of the Daodejing

 
Read:
Sources, pp. 77-94
CRT, pp. 42-51
 
6
Sep 30-Oct 4
  • Zhuangzi, Epistemology, and Mysticism
   
 

Read:
Sources, pp. 95-111
CRT, pp. 51-57
   
 


<< October Break >>    
 
7
Oct 9-11
Wed.: Film, "A Question of Balance"    
Wednesday: Essay 1 due

Friday: Quiz 2

 

 
8
Oct 14-18

Cosmology and Popular religion

  • Qi, yin-yang, Five Phases, and the Yijing
  • Film: "To Taste a Hundred Herbs
 
   
Read:
Sources, pp. 273-278, 283-289, 292-297, 318-325, 346-352
CRT, pp. 58-63
"Lord Kuan Manifests a Divine Presence..." [handout] (excerpt from Lo Kuan-chung, Three Kingdoms)
 
  9 Oct 21-25
  • Ancestor worship, divination, village festivals, and state religion
Friday: Quiz 3  
   
Read:

CRT, pp. 102-107, 112-121
Jordan, Gods, Ghosts and Ancestors [CR], ch. 4 (Divination) and ch. 8 (The Family Ghosts)

 

 
  10 Oct 28-Nov 1 Taoist Religious Experience and Practice
 
 

  • Revelation, ritual, meditation, alchemy
Jindan,
"Golden Elixir"
 
    Read:

Sources, pp. 392-414
CRT, pp. 67-73, 97-99

 

 
  11 Nov 4-8 Chinese Buddhism
  • Basic concepts
  • Mahayana


"Complete Enlightenment"

Monday: Quiz 4

 
    Read:

CRT, pp. 74-89
Sources, pp. 415-442, 444-455, 462-467, 471-473

 

 
  12 Nov 11-15
  • Chan Buddhism
  • Pure Land Buddhism
Friday: Essay 2 due  
 
Read:

CRT, pp. 100-102
Sources, pp. 481-483, 486-536

 

 
  13 Nov 18-22 Neo-Confucianism: The Learning of the Way  
 
Read: CRT, 91-97
Sources, pp. 568-573, 583-590, 667-678, 682-684, 689-690, 694-695, 697-699, 714-715, 720-725, 744-746
Monday: Quiz 5  
     
<< Thanksgiving Break >>

 
 

14-
14½

Dec 2-9 Western Religions in China and the Contemporary Scene
 
    Read: CRT, pp. 107-112, 121-125  
 

 

Tuesday, Dec. 17, 6:30 p.m.:
Final essays and optional research papers due

 
 

 



The Temple of Prayer for the Year(ly Harvest),
commonly called the Temple of Heaven, in Beijing.